Program BR10764999 - Development of Technologies for Effective Management of the Selection Process and Preservation of the Gene Pool in Horse Breeding

Name: IRN BR10764999 "Development of Technologies for Effective Management of the Selection Process and Preservation of the Gene Pool in Horse Breeding".

Applicant: Kazakh Research Institute of Livestock and Fodder Production LLP

Scientific supervisor: Akhmetsadykova Sh.N.

Implementation period: 2021-2023

Relevance

At present, 60% of horses in the Republic are kept in private household farms and 35% in peasant farms. After the reform of the agro-industrial complex, selection work in the horse-breeding sector underwent a number of negative changes, which directly affected the breeding qualities and productive indicators of horses. In this regard, it is necessary to develop scientifically grounded technologies that make it possible to reliably identify, at the early stages of ontogenesis, individuals with high genetic potential; to establish breeding lines, types and breeds on their basis; and to ensure the competitiveness of the horse-breeding industry. This determines the relevance of this scientific area. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that, for the first time in the Republic of Kazakhstan, large-scale work was carried out to study the genetic structure of horses of various breeds and populations.

Goal

The goal is to develop a technology for effective management of the selection process, as well as for the preservation and improvement of the genetic resources of horses in Kazakhstan.

Expected results for 2023

New genealogical lines with direct inheritance of selected traits will be formed, with selection of future breeding female stock of at least 45 head in each line.

Based on the data obtained, a genetic and statistical analysis will be conducted, including determination of the genetic characteristics of each breed and type. On this basis, cluster analysis will be used to determine indicators of genetic differentiation of breeds, demonstrating the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships of horse breeds of Kazakhstan and the countries of Eurasia.

Genetic passportization of domestic horse breeds will be carried out, including determination of the genetic distance between types and breeds.

An information bulletin on the genetic structure of Kazakh horses of the Jabe type will be prepared and published.

A program for preserving the gene pool and further improving the Kustanai horse breed will be prepared.

At least 8 publications will be published in foreign and domestic journals, including 1 publication in a journal recommended by KOKSON and 1 scientific publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal with a non-zero impact factor of at least Q3. One patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan and one patent of the Eurasian Patent Office will be obtained.

Research results obtained

Grading, selection and matching of horses were carried out in each genealogical line of breeding stallions. The stallions were evaluated by the quality of their offspring. The best representatives in each line were selected according to the sire-son-grandson scheme. New genealogical lines with direct inheritance of the selected traits were formed, with selection of future breeding female stock of at least 45 head in each line. An application for a selection achievement was submitted for one genealogical line in the Kazakh horse breed. The results of SNP genotyping of the selected samples were analyzed, and the data were processed by cluster analysis. Genetic passportization of domestic horse breeds was carried out, and the genetic distance between types and breeds was determined. The obtained results were compared and analyzed against foreign studies. Based on the data obtained, a genetic and statistical analysis was conducted, including determination of the genetic characteristics of each breed and type. On this basis, cluster analysis was used to determine indicators of genetic differentiation of breeds, demonstrating the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships of horse breeds of Kazakhstan and the countries of Eurasia. Genetic certification was carried out, making it possible to monitor the individual and group heterozygosity of animals and to assess the degree of homozygosity in related groups by region and breeding farm among Kazakh horses of the Jabe type.

Based on the research results, a program for preserving the gene pool and further improving the Kustanai horse breed was prepared and published in 50 copies. An application for a selection achievement was submitted for one genealogical line in the Kazakh horse breed. Overall, under the program in 2023, 8 publications were published, including 3 in foreign and domestic journals recommended by KOKSON and 2 scientific publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals with a non-zero impact factor of Q1-Q2. An information bulletin on the genetic structure of Kazakh horses of the Jabe type was developed and published. Patent No. 8341 of the Republic of Kazakhstan and patent No. 000330 of the Eurasian Patent Office were obtained.

Research group

Akhmetsadykova Sh.N., Sydykov D.A., Torekhanov A.A., Dossybayev K.Zh., Turmukhametov Zh.S., Nurmakhanbetov D.M., Baktybayev G.T., Akhmetov U.A., Orazymbetova Z.S., Talzhanov E.A., Seidualiyeva L.K., Sansyzbayev B.S., Kapasuly T., Kozhanov Zh., Akhmetova G.M., Ergali K., Baisaparov A.N., Eszhanov N.B., Kaliyev M.K., Kikebayev N.A., Zheldibayev K.S., Amandykova A.B., Safronova O.S., Brel-Kiseleva I.M.

List of publications

1. Analysis of the breeding and productive qualities of Kazakh horses of the Jabe type according to two genealogical lines. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Scientific and Practical Support for the Intensive Development of Livestock and Fodder Production at the Present Stage", Volume 1 "Horse Breeding, Sheep Breeding, Camel Breeding". Nurmakhanbetov D.M., p. 105.

2. Analysis of the frequency of distribution of homozygous regions in the genome of the Kushum horse breed. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Scientific and Practical Support for the Intensive Development of Livestock and Fodder Production at the Present Stage", Volume 1 "Horse Breeding, Sheep Breeding, Camel Breeding". Dossybayev K.Zh., Kapas T., Akhmetov U.A., Kulboldin T.S., Nurmakhanbetov D.M., Sydykov D.A., Baktybayev G.T., Kozhanov Zh.E., p. 72.

3. Evaluation of Jabe-type breeding stallions by the quality of their offspring. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Scientific and Practical Support for the Intensive Development of Livestock and Fodder Production at the Present Stage", Volume 1 "Horse Breeding, Sheep Breeding, Camel Breeding". Nurmakhanbetov D.M., p. 95.

4. Reference values of biochemical blood parameters of Kazakh horses of the Jabe type in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Bulletin of Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, No. 1 (64), Nurmakhanbetov D.M., Kozhanov Zh.E., Baktybayeva G.T., Kozhanova N.E., Akhmetov U.A., 2023.

5. Hematological profile of clinically healthy adult horses of the Kazakh horse breed, Jabe type, in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Science and Education Journal, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University, No. 2-3 (71). Kasymbekova Sh.N., Kalykova A.S., Khamzin K.P., Kabylbekova D.I., 2023.

6. Assessment of the genetic polymorphism of horse populations bred in the Kyzylorda and Karaganda regions. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Experimental Biology, No. 1 (94), Dossybayev K.Zh., Sydykov D.A., Kapas D., Orazymbetova Z.S., Kozhanov Zh.E., Akhmetsadykova Sh.N., Baktybayev G.T., Akhmetov U.A., Baisaparov A.N., Nurmakhanbetov D.M., Turmukhametov Zh.S., 2023.

7. Genetic Diversity of Kazakhstani Equus caballus (Linnaeus, 1758) Horse Breeds Inferred from Microsatellite Markers. Veterinary Sciences, 2023, 10, 598, ISSN: 2306-7381, Zarina Orazymbetova, Daniya Ualiyeva, Kairat Dossybayev, Aibyn Torekhanov, Dauren Sydykov, Aizhan Mussayeva, Gabiden Baktybayev, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10100598

8. Current state of productive horse breeding in Kazakhstan and its prospects. Horse Breeding and Equestrian Sport Journal, No. 2, Sydykov D.A., Sansyzbayeva B.S., Baktybayev G.T., 2023.

9. Program for preserving the gene pool and further improving the Kustanai horse breed. Amandykova A.B., Brel-Kiseleva I.M., Safronova O.S., 2023.

10. Information bulletin on the genetic structure of Kazakh horses of the Jabe type. Sydykov D.A., Baktybayev G.T., Nurmakhanbetov D.M., Akhmetsadykova Sh.N., Talzhanov E.A., Dossybayev K.Zh., Torekhanov M.A., Kozhanov Zh.E., Turmukhametov Zh.S., Orazymbetova Z.S., 2023.

11. Method for selecting horses of the Kozhamberdin intrabreed type of the Mugalzhar breed. Utility model patent No. 8341, 11.08.2023. Torekhanov Aibyn Adepkanovich, Sydykov Dauren Aldamzharovich, Baktybayev Gabiden Temirovich, Orazymbetova Zarina Seisenovna.

12. Mobile restraining chute for horses. Eurasian patent No. 00030 for an industrial design dated 19.08.2023. Kozhanov Zhasulan Ertayevich, Torekhanov Merey Aibynovich, Sydykov Dauren Aldamzharovich, Sydykov Olzhas Daurenuly, Nurmakhanbetov Dauren Mustafayevich, Duisembayev Keneskhan Idryshevich, Duisembayev Ilyas Sakenovich, Baktybayev Gabiden Temirovich, Kozhanova Nazym Yermekovna.